Multiple-scales approach to the averaging problem in cosmology

Exact solution to the averaging problem in cosmology.

The exact solution of a two-scale Buchert average of the Einstein equations is derived for an inhomogeneous universe that represents a close approximation to the observed universe. The two scales represent voids, and the bubble walls surrounding them within which clusters of galaxies are located. As described elsewhere [New J. Phys. 9, 377 (2007)10.1088/1367-2630/9/10/377], apparent cosmic acce...

Averaging Problem in Cosmology and Macroscopic Gravity

from linguistics to literature: a linguistic approach to the study of linguistic deviations in the turkish divan of shahriar

chapter i provides an overview of structural linguistics and touches upon the saussurean dichotomies with the final goal of exploring their relevance to the stylistic studies of literature. to provide evidence for the singificance of the study, chapter ii deals with the controversial issue of linguistics and literature, and presents opposing views which, at the same time, have been central to t...

Spectral Representation and the Averaging Problem in Cosmology 1

We investigate the averaging problem in cosmology as the problem of introducing a distance between spaces. We first introduce the spectral distance, which is a measure of closeness between spaces defined in terms of the spectra of the Laplacian. Then we define SN , a space of all spaces equipped with the spectral distance. We argue that SN can be regarded as a metric space and that it also poss...

The Averaging Problem in Cosmology and Macroscopic Gravity

The averaging problem in cosmology and the approach of macroscopic gravity to resolve the problem is discussed. The averaged Einstein equations of macroscopic gravity are modified on cosmological scales by the macroscopic gravitational correlation tensor terms as compared with the Einstein equations of general relativity. This correlation tensor satisfies a system of structure and field equatio...